Light: Soft and natural light illuminates the face best. However, you should not stand directly in the sun, as you will only be overlit. So indirect soft light is best. For example: next to a window.
Posing: An upright posture and a friendly face, i.e. a smile, are essential.
Background: A simple background is best, as the face is the most important part of the portrait photo. There shouldn't be too many colors or patterns in the background. It is best to blur the background and make sure the f-stop is low.
Design: The typical portrait photo goes from head to chest. Our eyes find it more pleasing when the object we are looking at is in the upper third of the picture. So the eyes should be in the upper third of the picture in a portrait photo.
Camera position: The camera should be positioned at eye level.
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